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First, the characteristics of corn fertilizer and fertilization principles
Maize is very sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. On the basis of the application of farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer, 1 kg of urea can increase the yield of 6-11 kg of corn within the range of 3-10 kg of urea per acre. Corn needs less phosphorus, but it can not be lacking. Phosphorus is lacking in the three-leaf stage, which will lead to the later empty stalk baldness. Corn is also a zinc-loving crop, with zinc fertilizer applied, increasing production by about 15%. The principle of fertilization of corn is based on organic fertilizer, re-application of nitrogen fertilizer, application of phosphate fertilizer, application of potassium fertilizer, and application of micro-fertilizer. The farmyard manure is mixed with phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly topdressing. Spring corn topdressing should be light and heavy before, and summer corn should be heavy before and after.
Second, the determination of corn fertilization amount
Tests have shown that on medium-fertile plots, for every 100 kg of corn produced, 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus and 3 kg of potassium are required. The application of this amount of fertilizer is very simple, and it is only necessary to multiply the 100 kg of the increased yield by the amount of fertilizer required for 100 kg of grain. This is only a reference calculation method, and the specific application should be appropriately adjusted according to the place and the variety. The reference fertilization amount of corn per mu is: 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 9-11 kg of nitrogen, 4-5 kg ​​of phosphorus, 5-6 kg of potassium, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer.
Third, the fertilization method
(1) Base fertilizer Shallow hills live broadcast open field spring corn: The required phosphorus, potassium, zinc fertilizer and 2-3 kg of urea should be mixed with the farmyard manure and applied to the seed hole for planting. The remaining nitrogen fertilizer is reserved for top dressing.
Mid-mountain mulch covered live corn: mulch corn grows strong and consumes more nutrients. It is necessary to use the phosphorus, potassium, zinc fertilizer and 70% nitrogen fertilizer required for the whole growth period of corn as the base fertilizer. The method is: open a ditch of 3-4 inches deep and 8 inches wide between two rows of corn. First apply the nitrogen fertilizer to the bottom layer, then mix all the phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers with the farmyard manure and apply it on the nitrogen fertilizer. Then ridges cover the soil, the ridge height is 2-3 inches, and the film is planted when the time is up.
(2) Seed Fertilizer For uncoated seeds, 2-4 days after sowing, add 1 or 2 water with zinc fertilizer, mix 1.5-2 kg, pile up for 1 hour, spread the dry and sown. At the time of sowing, the conditional farmer's mu used 20 picks of manure and urine for 2 kg of urea, and sowed at the edge of the nest to reach Miao Qi Miao Zhuang.
(three) topdressing
1, live broadcast open field spring corn topdressing before the light and heavy. Nitrogen fertilizers were added to the fertilizer (6-7 leaf stage), accounting for 1/3 of the total nitrogen application, and the horn fertilizer (10-11 leaf stage) accounted for 1/3.
2, live summer corn topdressing should be heavy before the light. Summer broadcasts of glutinous corn are busy due to farming and tight farming time. Most of them are under white seeds, and topdressing is very important. Jointing fertilizer (5-6 leaf stage) should account for two-thirds of total nitrogen application, and trumpet fertilizer (10-11 leaf stage) account for one-third.
3, transplanting corn topdressing: when transplanting, the mu with 10 kg of urea or other nutrient fertilizers of other nutrients into the human excrement. Put the nutrient seedlings first, then pour the manure and then cover the nest, instead of the jointing fertilizer. In the flare period, use 15 kg of urea again.
4. Membrane corn: Because the amount of base fertilizer is sufficient, the fertilizer effect is long, and 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer that is not applied per acre is applied once in the flare period. The method is to apply fertilizer to every two corns.
Corn balanced fertilization technology
Corn is a high-yield crop that is highly resistant to water and fertilizer and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Implementing balanced fertilization technology is an important measure to increase corn production. For each 100 kg of corn produced, about 2.22-4.24 kg of nitrogen should be absorbed from the soil, the average amount is 2.57 kg; phosphorus (P2O5) 1-1.5 kg; potassium (K2O) 1.52-4.00 kg, the average amount is 2.14 kg, the higher the yield The more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are absorbed.
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