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1. Spot: This phytotoxicity is mainly manifested on the leaves. There are yellow spots, brown spots, dead spots and so on. For example, butachlor is applied to the early stage of rice Honda to cause brown spots. A high concentration of mancozeb causes a dead spot on the edge of the rice leaf.
2. Yellowing: The reason for yellowing is that pesticides hinder the synthesis of chlorophyll, or block the photosynthesis of chlorophyll, or destroy chlorophyll. For example, the application of fast-killing diced sugar on the watermelon causes the new shoots to yellow; the benzosulfuron suitable for use in the wheat field drifts to other crops and appears yellowing.
3. Malformation: This phytotoxicity may occur in various organs of plants. Common malformations include leaf rolling, clumping, root swelling, deformed ear, and deformed fruit. If the tomato is sprayed with high concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid, there will be curling leaves: 2,4-D improper application of hollow fruit, malformed fruit: triglyceride with low purity is easy to curl the young leaves of tomato.
4. Withering: This phytotoxicity is generally manifested throughout the plant, mainly by herbicides. For example, watermelon seedlings are affected by green mellon, yellow leaves of the young leaves, dead leaves of the leaves, and atrophy of the plants; the insecticides sprayed with high concentrations of beans have symptoms such as dry coke, wilting and dead seedlings.
5. Growth stagnation: growth inhibitors, herbicides, improper application of phytotoxicity. If the amount of chlormequat is too large, the growth of the crop will be stagnant.
6. Infertility: The cause of such phytotoxicity is improper use during flowering. For example, applying rice stalks during rice heading can cause empty mites.
7. Shedding: occurs frequently in fruit trees and other dicots. There are falling flowers, fallen leaves, and falling fruits. For example, the application of acesulfame in peach trees and the application of omethoate in flowering period cause defoliation; improper application of ethephon in hawthorn causes fruit drop and defoliation.
8. Inferior fruit: The phytotoxicity of the fruit sometimes manifests as abnormal fruit surface and poor quality. If the watermelon is harmed by ethephon, the melon is dark red and has an odor.
Second, remedial measures
1. Spray water rinse or slightly alkaline water rinse: If it is sprayed by foliage and plants, it will be irritated and found earlier. You can quickly spray the surface of the infected crop with a large amount of water, spray the water 2-3 times repeatedly, and wash the medicine on the surface of the plant as much as possible. And increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, cultivating loose soil. In addition, due to most of the pesticides currently used, it is easier to decompose and reduce the effects of alkaline substances. Add 0.2% caustic soda or 0.5%, 1% lime solution to the sprayed water. Rinse or rinse to speed up the decomposition of the drug.
2. Quickly pursue quick-acting fertilizers: on crops where phytotoxicity occurs. Rapidly apply urea and other quick-acting fertilizers to increase nutrients, enhance crop growth vitality, promote early growth, and accelerate crop recovery. This effect is relatively obvious for less affected seed buds and seedlings.
3. Spraying drugs that relieve phytotoxicity: Spraying agents that can alleviate phytotoxicity against agents that cause phytotoxicity. If the crop is harmed by omethoate, parathion and other pesticides, 0.2% borax solution can be sprayed on the affected crop: rapeseed, peanut, etc. are inhibited by paclobutrazol, and 5mgCL gibberellin solution can be sprayed appropriately; sulfuric acid The phytotoxicity caused by copper or Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed with O. 5% lime water, etc.
Excerpt from: New Agricultural Technology
Symptoms and remedies for common phytotoxicity of several crops
First, the symptoms of phytotoxicity
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