Recently, the team of Wu Zhongshuai, a researcher from the Dalian Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the team of Bao Xinhe, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yu Yan, a professor of the University of Science and Technology of China, have developed a quasi-solid sodium ion mini battery with high specific energy and high rate Multi-directional transmission mechanism. Related research results were published in "Energy and Environmental Science". In recent years, microelectronics and microsystems have developed rapidly. Lithium-ion microbatteries are currently the most popular micropower supply, but there are problems such as scarce lithium resources and increased costs. Compared with lithium metal, sodium is rich in resources, low in cost, and similar in electrochemical performance to lithium. Therefore, the development of sodium ion mini batteries has important application prospects. The researchers designed and developed a three-dimensional interconnected graphene network supported sodium titanate negative electrode and sodium vanadium phosphate positive electrode, prepared high-throughput electron-ion three-dimensional transmission microelectrodes, and successfully constructed a planar quasi-solid sodium ion microbattery. Developed NaBF4-based ionic liquid gel electrolyte, which has the advantages of high ionic conductivity, wide voltage window, and non-flammability. Through the overall design of the device, it effectively couples the advantages of the planar structure, the dominant pseudocapacitance contribution, and the multi-directional mass transfer of sodium ions. The sodium ion mini battery has a high capacity at room temperature (30.7 milliampere hours per cubic centimeter) and excellent rate performance . At room temperature and 30 C rate, its specific capacity is 15.7 mAh per cubic centimeter; at 100 ℃ and 100 C rate, its specific capacity is 13.5 mAh per cubic centimeter. In addition, the sodium ion mini battery has excellent flexibility, adjustable output voltage and capacity, and high energy density (145 microwatt hours per square centimeter). Combining in-situ and quasi-in-situ characterization, the research team proposed that the planar miniature energy storage device is an ideal electrochemical model for the in-situ study of the charge storage mechanism, which can simultaneously study the structural evolution and morphology of the positive and negative electrodes in the full cell. Variety. (Reporter Liu Wansheng correspondent Zheng Shuanghao, Hou Xiaocheng)
HC-134A is a hydrocarbon refrigerant blend.
The primary ingredients are hydrocarbons, which are flammable substances such
as propane and butane. HC-134a is
available in 30 LB cylinders. Automotive refrigerants that leak out of A/C systems contribute very little to the overall global warming problem.
The U.S. EPA has issued regulations that call for R134a to be phased out of domestic new car production by 2021. R134a will still be allowed for certain export vehicles, but only until 2025. After that, all new vehicles will have to use HC-134A refrigerant. HC-134A is flammable, but the new refrigerant is safe for automotive passenger car use. The risk of fire is extremely remote in case of an accident or refrigerant leak into the passenger compartment.
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences