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1. Soil slabs Due to the large application of chemical fertilizers, neglecting the application of organic fertilizers, some deterioration of soil fertility and lack of organic matter. The gas permeability is reduced, the aerobic microbial activity is decreased, the soil is matured slowly, the soil compaction, the vegetable root system is poorly developed, and the growth of the vegetables is affected.
2. Increased salinization After excessive application of chemical fertilizer, the salt ions in the soil increase and the pH value increases. Increase soil salinization, prevent normal water absorption of roots, and affect plant growth.
3, trace elements lack of continuous vegetable for many years, absorb zinc, boron, molybdenum, copper, manganese and other trace elements in the soil, and do not supplement the application of micro-fertilizer, resulting in the soil's trace elements are decreasing, so the trace elements are seriously lacking, affecting vegetables Growth and development.
4. The soil layer is lighter. The vegetables are mostly intertwined and intertwined. They are often artificially transplanted. The cattle plow is not turned over and the living soil layer is shallow.
5. Accumulation of pests and diseases Continuous cropping increases the accumulation of pathogens and insects in the soil, and the damage is aggravated. The roots are thus rotted and even the whole plant is dead. Due to serious pests and diseases and increased use of pesticides, vegetable pollution is caused.
Second, the treatment of soil deterioration
1. Rotating for a change In a piece of land, there is no vegetable variety in the season. It can be rotated for another type of vegetable variety, such as melon and onion rotation, which can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases and reduce the toxicity of toxins.
2. Application of organic fertilizer Application of organic fertilizer, improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability and water retention, heat storage and heat storage capacity, make soil loose and fertile, relieve soil salinization, promote vegetable root development, and improve its resistance to disease and disaster.
3, appropriate leisure After planting for many years, you can grasp the season, appropriate leisure, such as open-air vegetable fields can use the winter leisure to deepen the soil and soil, eliminate the source of pests and diseases, restore the ground.
4, the application of micro-fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer or as a root-dressing fertilizer to supplement the soil insufficient content, zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) for base fertilizer application 1 ~ 1.50 kg, boron fertilizer (borax) 0.3 ~ 00.50 kg, molybdenum fertilizer ( Ammonium molybdate) 0.10 ~ 0.20 kg, copper fertilizer (copper sulfate) 1 ~ 2 kg, manganese fertilizer (manganese sulfate) 2 ~ 3 kg. The external top dressing zinc sulfate can be used in a concentration of 0.05% to 0.20%, the borax can be used in a concentration of 0.10% to 0.25%, the ammonium molybdate can be used in a concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%, the copper sulfate can be used in a concentration of 0.02% to 0.05%, and the manganese sulfate can be used in a 0.10% to 0%. 20% concentration.
5. Deeply ploughing the land In the case of planting each vegetable, use the interval to deep-plow. If it is set, it cannot be deep-plowed with cattle plough. Use the hoe to dig deep into the ground and thicken the mature soil layer to enhance the soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity.
Performance and Control of Soil Deterioration in Vegetable Fields
First, the performance and causes of soil deterioration
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