Related fertilizer knowledge

1. Chinese cabbage requires high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizers, and an average of 159kg of Chinese cabbage per kilogram of potassium sulfate can be produced. It also requires more boron and calcium. Calcium can be applied to the foliar surface, and adding a little acetic acid to it is beneficial to the absorption of calcium.
Chinese cabbage restricts the use of various hormones, gibberellic acid (920), ethephon, paclobutrazol, etc. It is not possible to apply ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and compound fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen to reduce the accumulation of potassium nitrate in vegetables; Chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and the like. Chloride ion can reduce the starch content in vegetables, make the quality worse, reduce the yield, and residual in the soil will easily cause decalcification of the soil and cause compaction. Limited application of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate fertilizer Because the sulfate ion in the fertilizer is not easily absorbed by vegetables and remains in the soil, endangering the growth of vegetables. In addition, a limited amount of ammonium bicarbonate is applied, which is easily caused by ammonia volatilization.
2, the tomato in the early stage of topdressing should not be too much, the result will be heavy fertilizer in the future. The principle of topdressing is: from less to more, from thin to thick, mainly in the early stage, mainly in the late stage.
3, calcium is the nutrients necessary for the growth of vegetables, vegetables absorb it in the second or third place in all nutrients, second only to potassium and (or) nitrogen, and higher than phosphorus and other nutrients. Physiological diseases caused by calcium deficiency, such as "dry heart" of Chinese cabbage, "leaf burnt" of cabbage and lettuce, tomato and pepper and "tidal rot".
Calcium is a poorly mobile nutrient. Calcium entering the vegetable body will not be transferred from the old leaf to the new leaf, nor will it be transferred from the leaf to the fruit or seed. Calcium deficiency symptoms generally occur in new tissues and organs, especially when vegetables grow rapidly, and the harvest is the first to bear the brunt. Providing a stable amount of water-soluble calcium in the vegetable root zone soil is the key to controlling calcium deficiency. Ca is generally between 10-5 and 10-7.
4. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Nitrate is negatively charged and is not easily adsorbed by negatively charged soil colloids; ammonium ions are positively charged and are easily adsorbed by soil, not only adsorbed on soil surface. It can also enter the crystals of clay minerals and become fixed ammonium ions. Therefore, nitrate nitrogen is mainly present in soil solution, which is highly mobile, easily absorbed by plants, and easily lost with rainwater. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is mainly adsorbed and fixed on the surface of the soil colloid and the colloidal crystal lattice, and the mobility is relatively small, and it is relatively easy to be "contained" by the soil. Second, different forms of nitrogen transform into each other in the soil. Under suitable temperature, moisture and aeration conditions, under the action of soil microorganisms and enzymes, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonium nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen. Therefore, the conversion of urea and ammonium nitrogen in the early spring low temperature season is relatively slow, and the summer high temperature season is fast. In dryland soils, nitrate nitrogen is often more than ammonium nitrogen, while in paddy soils, nitrate nitrogen is rare. Third, nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers tend to form denitrification in the presence of excessive soil moisture, poor ventilation, and the presence of fresh organic matter. Causes the loss of ammonium. Nitrate nitrogen can be reduced to nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides and nitrogen under the action of microorganisms. This denitrification is one of the main ways of nitrate nitrogen loss. The main route for the loss of ammonium nitrogen is ammonia volatilization.
Therefore, nitrate-nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for use in colder climates and seasons. It is applied in dry land in several parts. The fertilizer efficiency is fast and obvious, but it should not be used in high-temperature and rainy paddy fields. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for paddy fields and is also suitable for dry land. However, it is suitable for soil surface or applied to paddy fields, and the loss of ammonia volatilization is large.
5, organic fertilizer It has a wide range of fertilizer sources, such as human excrement, grass ash, green manure, etc. It can make microorganisms active. On the one hand, it processes simple organic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium for plant absorption and utilization. On the other hand, it is processed into humus. The humus is a bit like "glue", which can form the surrounding soil into "small soil mass", which makes the soil loose and breathable. The humus is also like a "custodian", which can remove excess water from the soil. And the nutrients are kept in a safe place, and when the plants need them, they are continuously supplied to the plants. The humus is also like a “dispatcher” that can effectively regulate the contradiction between water, fertilizer, gas, heat and pH in the soil. However, the effect of fertilizer is slow, and it takes one month to supply plants for absorption and utilization.
6, Shanxi soil PH value is 8.1 ~ 8.3
7, Zn is generally lacking in calcareous soil, applying 1~2kg/mu per acre, and excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will also lead to zinc deficiency. Zinc is generally between 0.5ppm and 3ppm
Boron is generally related to the pH value, between 0.1-0.2ppm, half a catty per acre.
8, molybdenum used 1-2kg per acre, spray 0.1%
Author: Dumeng Qi
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