Main performance parameters of the battery

The main performance of the battery includes rated capacity, rated voltage, charge and discharge rate, impedance, lifetime and self-discharge rate.

Rated capacity design predetermined condition (such as temperature, discharge rate, termination voltage, etc.), the battery should be discharged ** capacity in ampere hours, represented by the symbol C. The capacity is greatly affected by the discharge rate, so the discharge rate is often indicated by Arabic numerals in the lower right corner of the letter C, such as C20 = 50, indicating a capacity of 50 amps per hour at a 20 o'clock rate. The theoretical capacity of the battery can be accurately determined from the amount of the electrode active material in the battery reaction formula and the electrochemical equivalent of the active material calculated according to Faraday's law. Due to the side reactions that may occur in the battery and the special needs of the design, the actual capacity of the battery is often lower than the theoretical capacity.
Rated voltage of the battery at room temperature under typical operating voltage, also known as nominal voltage. It is a reference when using different types of batteries. The actual operating voltage of the battery will vary depending on the conditions of use. The open circuit voltage of the battery is equal to the difference between the balanced electrode potentials of the positive and negative electrodes. It is only related to the type of electrode active material, regardless of the amount of active substance. The battery voltage is essentially a DC voltage, but under certain special conditions, the phase change of the metal crystal or some phase-forming film caused by the electrode reaction causes a slight fluctuation of the voltage. This phenomenon is called noise. The amplitude of the fluctuation is small but the frequency range is very wide, so it can be distinguished from the self-excited noise in the circuit.
Charge and discharge rate There are two representations of time rate and rate. The time rate is the charge and discharge rate expressed by the charge and discharge time, and is numerically equal to the number of hours obtained by dividing the rated capacity (A·h) of the battery by the predetermined charge and discharge current (A). Magnification is another representation of the rate of charge and discharge, the value of which is the reciprocal of the rate of time. The discharge rate of the primary battery is expressed as the time to discharge to the termination voltage via a certain fixed resistance. The discharge rate has a large impact on battery performance.
Internal impedance of the battery having large electrode - electrolyte interface area, so that the battery may be equivalent to a low resistance and large capacitance, a series inductance circuit. However, the actual situation is much more complicated, especially the impedance of the battery varies with time and DC level, and the measured impedance is only valid for a specific measurement state.
Lifetime Storage life is the maximum amount of time allowed to store between the time the battery is manufactured and the time it is used. The total term including the storage period and the usage period is called the expiration date of the battery. The life of the storage battery is divided into dry storage life and wet storage life. The cycle life is the number of ** charge and discharge cycles that the battery can achieve under the specified conditions. The system of charge and discharge cycle test must be specified at the specified cycle life, including charge and discharge rate, discharge depth and ambient temperature range.
Self-discharge rate The rate at which the battery loses its capacity during storage. The capacity lost by self-discharge in the unit storage time is expressed as a percentage of the capacity before storage.

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